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The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), located in Howard County, Maryland, near Laurel and Columbia, is a not-for-profit, university-affiliated research center employing 5,300 people. APL is primarily a defense contractor. It serves as a technical resource for the Department of Defense, NASA, and other government agencies. The Lab is an engineering research and development organization rather than an academic division of Johns Hopkins University. Hopkins’ Whiting School of Engineering offers part-time graduate programs through its (Engineering for Professionals program ). Courses are taught at seven locations in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area, including the APL Education Center.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=APL Education Center )〕 ==History== APL was created in 1942 during World War II under the Office of Scientific Research and Development as part of the Government’s effort to mobilize the nation’s science and engineering expertise within its universities. Its founding director was Merle Anthony Tuve. The Laboratory succeeded in developing the variable-time proximity fuze that played a significant role in the Allied victory. In response to the fuze's success, the APL created the MK 57 gun director in 1944. Pleased with the APL's work, the Navy then tasked it with the mission to find a way to negate guided missile threats. From there on, the APL became very involved in wartime research. Expected to disband at the end of the war, APL instead became heavily involved in the development of guided missile technology for the Navy. At governmental request, the University continued to maintain the Laboratory as a public service. APL was originally located in Silver Spring, Maryland in a used-car garage〔 at the former Wolf Motor Company building at 8621 Georgia Avenue. APL moved to Laurel beginning in 1954, with the construction of a two million dollar building and a $700,000 wing expansion in 1956. The final staff transitioned to the new facility in 1975.〔http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td2104/hagler.pdf 〕〔(The Johns Hopkins Gazette: March 25, 2002 )〕 Before moving to Laurel, APL also maintained the "Forest Grove Station", north of Silver Spring on Georgia Avenue near today's Forest Glen Metro,〔(Google Maps )〕 which included a hypersonic wind tunnel.〔(The Hypersonic Wind Tunnel At The Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, - Storming Media )〕 The Forest Grove Station was vacated and torn down in 1963 and flight simulations were moved to Laurel. The Laboratory’s name comes from its origins in World War II, but APL’s major strengths are systems engineering and technology application. About half of the technical staff are engineers, and 25% have computer science and math degrees. APL conducts programs in fundamental and applied research; exploratory and advanced development; test and evaluation; and systems engineering and integration. In 1965, the US Army contracted with APL to develop and implement a test and evaluation program for the Pershing missile systems. APL developed the Pershing Operational Test Program (OTP), provided technical support to the Pershing Operational Test Unit (POTU), identified problem areas and improved the performance and survivability of the Pershing systems. In 1990, APL became involved with Operation Desert Storm and is involved in the among other efforts. In the same decade (1992), APL along with Johns Hopkins University developed an algorithm that allowed for automatic mammogram analysis.〔 In 2014, the APL made history with the successful use of Modular Prosthetic Limbs by a "bilateral shoulder-level amputee." APL used pattern recognition algorithms to track which muscles were contracting and enable the prosthetics to move in conjunction with the amputee's body. APL has designed many spacecraft for the Department of Defense, including the Transit (satellite) series, and scientific spacecraft for NASA, including the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous, New Horizons, MESSENGER, STEREO and the Van Allen Probes. The Lab is currently developing the Solar Probe Plus mission to probe the outer corona of the Sun. Located on a 399 acre campus, APL is also home to a Johns Hopkins graduate program in engineering and applied sciences, Engineering for Professionals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Applied Physics Laboratory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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